A chronic inflammatory disease, occurs when the immune system to attack the cells and organs of the body itself.
And affects inflammation resulting from this disease, many members of the body, such as: skin, joints, heart, lungs, kidneys and blood cells.
Often lupus affects women (without knowing why).Finally lupus that affects newborn Neonatal Lupus.
It was seen in the past to lupus disease as a disease to worry about, and the results of future consequences, but, now, and because of the improved methods of diagnosis and treatment, most patients can infected live a normal and active life.
Causes of the disease
Lupus is an autoimmune disease Autoimmune, and this means that the human immune system, rather than be limited to his job to attack foreign substances that enter the body (bacteria and viruses), is also attacking healthy body cells. This leads to inflammation and damage many organs of the body (as mentioned earlier): the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels and brain.
Although the reason for this phenomenon is still unknown, but it is thought that the reason infection Balzibh may return to combine causes genetic and environmental causes. For example person inherits susceptibility to disease, but it does not catch him, but when exposed to the impact of a particular factor in the surrounding environment, such as a particular infection or as a result of eating a certain drug.
Clinical picture
It is worth mentioning that it is very difficult to look similar to the two patients the clinical picture of Zibh fully similarities. Symptoms and signs may appear suddenly or gradually, and may be mild or severe, temporary or permanent.
Usually be Zibh properties and characteristics of moderate, comes in the form of phases (episodes) of the worsening of symptoms, followed by a period of improvement, or even the disappearance of the signs and symptoms for a certain period (subsidence Remission).
And adopt the image of the symptoms and signs on the type of disease that affects the patient, and organs affected by, is that I could most beautiful, in general, including the following: fever (temperature), fatigue, sores in the oral cavity, loss of body weight or increase for natural pain and pain in the joints and swelling, rash on the face resembles the shape of butterfly (because it covers the cheeks and bridge of the nose), skin lesions appear and much with sun exposure, loss of body hair, especially hair (baldness), shortness of breath, pain in the chest area, dry eyes, anxiety and depression, memory loss, ease of trauma. And last but not least blueness fingers hands, Ibakhos feet when being exposed to the cold.
Types of the disease
As we mentioned earlier, there are four types of lupus, which are similar clinically to some extent, but they may differ in methods of treatment and the consequences of (director) of the disease. These types are:
• comprehensive lupus erythematosus: infect almost all parts of the body. The members of the body most affected by this disease, are: skin, joints, kidneys, lungs and blood. Usually, when people talk and doctors about lupus, they mean this kind of it.
• lupus erythematosus-like disk: only affect the skin, so it is also called leather Balzibh, and is characterized by the appearance of a rash circular shape (like a CD), in the area of the face, neck and scalp. It has been observed that a small number of patients with this type of lupus may develop later universal erythematous Balzibh.
• lupus erythematosus resulting from drugs: This type occurs after eating certain types of drugs. The affects of this type of disease, many members of the body. It is worth mentioning, that the symptoms of the disease disappear after you stop taking certain drugs.
• Neonatal Zibh: This kind of disease is very rare, and affects newborns. What happens is that pregnant women pass certain antibodies (related to the disease). These antibodies ability to cause disease of the newborn a few weeks after birth. The most important of these signs characteristic rash of illness. The disease of the newborn remains several months before fading and disappears entirely. However, it may lead, sometimes, to the electric organ injury to the heart of newborn disorder.
Susceptibility to the disease
There are several factors that help the disease, namely:
• Gender: lupus is more prevalent among women.
• Age: Most cases occur between the ages of 16 and 41 years, but all age groups are susceptible to infection, including the newborn.
• Ethnicity: disease is more common in black Africans, Asians and Hispanic individuals.
• sunlight: Exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the sun's rays to a skin lesion or symptoms of internal Special Zibh. It is believed that exposure to UV radiation leads to the accumulation of albumin (protein) given on the surface of the skin cells. And without knowing the reasons stick antibodies naturally present in the body of this protein, which leads to an inflammatory reaction.
• Medications: result in long-term use of certain drugs and treatments to the onset of lupus in some patients. One of these medicines, but not limited to: anti-psychotic medication Chlorpromazine, and blood pressure-reducing arterial Hydralazine, and anti-tuberculosis Isoniazid and your heart medicine Procainamide.
The disease usually appears lupus after several months or years of taking the drugs mentioned earlier.
• virus Epstein-Barr: a lot of people become infected with the virus. After recovery from this disease, the virus remains silent in the cells of the immune system. In case of re-activation of the virus (for unknown reasons) Humans again symptoms of the disease, which could turn into a disease lupus.
• Chemicals: Chronic exposure may cause some chemicals, such as mercury and silicon dioxide (metal flint) Silica to the development of lupus. In a recent study shows that long-term tobacco smoking may also lead to a susceptibility to the disease.
Complications of the disease
Cause inflammation resulting from injury Balzibh to the negative impact on several organs and systems in the body, including:
Kidney: may cause disease lupus kidney injury damaged, and then a failure (lack of) kidney. Studies have indicated that nearly three-quarters of patients develop kidney failure during the first two years of diagnosis. Fortunately responds most patients with kidney illness to drug treatment so special.
One of the main symptoms and signs of renal injury Baalath, are: itching, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, swelling (edema) leg and increased body weight.
Brain: When brain injury, one may suffer from headache, dizziness, behavioral changes, hallucinations Hallucinations and seizures Seizures, memory loss, delirium Delirium and confusion.
Circulatory system: blood, heart and blood vessels are all susceptible to illnesses and functional disorders, including: Anemia Anemia bleeding or blood clotting, inflammation of the blood vessels, inflammation of the heart muscle and coronary heart and envelope membrane of the heart Pericardium.
Finally affects about 41 percent of patients with lupus atherosclerosis.
Lungs: infected patients with lupus pneumonia and the lining of the thoracic cavity and lungs Pleura.
Infection: lupus patients become infected (infection) Infection as a result of illness itself (lupus) and as a result of complications of the drugs used in the treatment of lupus, especially steroids Alakecranih corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs Cytotoxic (and which adversely affect the immune system).
The most common infection that can be infected by the patient, are: urinary tract infection, cold, sugary and fungal infection, salmonella and herpes Herpes zoster (Ring of Fire) Herpes Zoster and pneumonia.
Skeleton: get local bone tissue to die. This condition is called "avascular necrosis" Avascular Necrosis. This occurs when little or no bone blood supply, leading to micro-fractures in the bones, and eventually crumble these bones.
The areas most topical injury death is hip (thigh). There are two reasons for this phenomenon occurs, the first is the same disease (lupus), and secondly, the negative impact of the patient's eating high doses of steroids Alakecranih for so long.
Women and pregnancy: Pregnant women infected Balzibh exposed to ease abortion, and arterial hypertension (pre-eclampsia Preeclampsia) and preterm birth.
To avoid abortion and exposure to pre-eclampsia, doctors advised pregnant women not to pregnancy, but after controlling lupus or in the period of remission of the disease.
Diagnosis
Difficult to diagnose lupus and because of the variety of symptoms and signs of the disease from one person to another, in addition to the fact that these signs and symptoms change with time and interfere intertwined with the signs and symptoms of other diseases. From this standpoint linger doctors diagnose the disease to become the signs and symptoms of lupus more pronounced. One of the factors and features that add difficulty to diagnose the disease, is that the severity of the disease vary from one period to another, as we see stresses for a certain period, and that soon subsided to disappear completely.
There is a standard for the diagnosis of the disease consists of eleven mark and wide, where it is diagnosed through in case of availability of four of them when a patient at one time. These criteria are:
• rash and reaping (cheek) is like a butterfly shape, and extends from the cheeks to the bridge of the nose.
• scaly rash called Disc rash, and be in the form of patches squamous prominent.
• rash appears after exposure to sunlight.
• painless skin ulcers.
• Pain and swelling of the joints, which affects one or more joints.
• inflammation of the lining of the heart and the lungs and chest cavity.
• illness and diseases of the kidney.
• neurological or psychological illness, such as seizures or psychosis.
• low number of white blood cells and platelets and red.
• other tests positive may indicate the presence of an autoimmune disease, such as:
1 - Double-Stranded anti-DNA test.
2 - Anti-Sm test.
3 - Anti-phospholipids Antibody test.
4 - False-positive Syphilis test.
Treatment
Usually use three types of medicines in the event that the symptoms and signs of mild SIGN on the patient. As if the fact that the more aggressive clinical picture (renal complications, vasculitis and seizures) are raising the dose of medicines in addition to the use of immune suppressive drugs Immunosuppressive, which will be explained later.
In general, in the case of diagnosis of lupus for the first time, given the following three drugs:
One of the most important complications of these drugs, bleeding in the stomach, kidney disorder in the work, a malfunction in the heart.
• antimalarials: there is no relationship between lupus and malaria, but it turned out that the anti-malarial drugs effective in the treatment of lupus. The most important of these medications drug Hydroxychloroquine.
The main complications of these drugs: disturbances in the sense of sight and skeletal muscle weakness.
• steroids Alakecranih: This medicine against infections resulting from disease lupus, but use a long-term and high-dose of these drugs lead to serious complications, including: osteoporosis Osteoporosis, obesity, hypertension, vulnerability to bruising, diabetes and susceptibility to infection .
To avoid complications resulting from steroids, doctors give the patient the lowest possible dose of these drugs, in addition to the shortest possible period of treatment. And taking steroids day after day, in addition to the fact that taking calcium tablets and vitamin "D" reduces the possibility of osteoporosis.
As a wicked treat type of lupus disease, is represented as follows:
• high doses of Steroids Alakecranih: given high doses of steroids by mouth or intravenously, and this may help in the eradication of serious complications of the disease quickly. However, the side effects as well, such as: depression, infection with different types of infections, hypertension and osteoporosis.
• immunosuppressive drugs: Similarly, these drugs are given to overcome the serious complications of the disease, and at the same time serious side effects, such as: infections, liver damage, infertility, and susceptibility to a variety of cancers.
Similarly, some of these drugs taken orally while others shall be taken intravenously.
How to live with the disease
To live with the disease and reduce its severity, the patient must follow the instructions below:
• Get adequate rest: It is known that patients with lupus suffer from fatigue quickly compared with other people, so it must not overtax the patient himself too much, and he should get plenty multitude of sleep a night, in addition to nap in the middle of the day.
• Avoid exposure to sunlight: including that exposure to UV rays may cause lupus, the patient wearing clothes protect it from the sun, such as, hat, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts, in addition to setting ointments and protective of the sun's rays. It must work to avoid the sun from ten o'clock in the morning until four o'clock in the evening. Also prefer to avoid UV sources all sources, such as: Fluorescent fluorescent lamps and halogen lamps Halogen and deal with it as we deal with the sun.
• light exercise: in or out of the course after four o'clock in the evening, preferably after the absence of the sun that does not exceed half an hour. This is useful to avoid exposure to heart attack and atrophy of skeletal muscles, and raises the patient's mood in general, which have a positive impact and save him from depression (if he suffers from). In case the patient's hair tired to stop walking and return to the House.
• Tobacco: not smoking at all, because it increases the possibility of heart disease and blood vessels.
• Diet: No special diet for patients with lupus, is that he prefers eating fruits and vegetables and whole wheat (brown). And you should avoid certain foods if the evolution of certain complications, such as arterial hypertension, but not limited, so you should reduce or zero salt intake.
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