Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women, and still causes this disease is not known accurately.
Factors raise Severity:
There are factors that would increase the risk of exposure to the disease, which is in detail:
- Age: increase the proportion of the risk of this disease, the greater the age, Ms., and there are about 77% of breast cancer cases are diagnosed after the age of 55 years, whereas this ratio is only 18% among women in the forties of age.
- Genetic factors: Statistics indicate that the rate of 5-10% of breast cancer cases it causes hereditary, specifically distortions in the work of genes like a normal BRCA2, BRCA1 note that these genes carried by men and women are equal so it can be inherited through the father or the mother.
And not necessarily be infected women carrying the genes of average breast cancer because there are other factors that help the emergence of cancer.
If genetic testing positive sense (the presence of genetic abnormalities) This indicates an increased likelihood of developing breast cancer, without specifying when or the possibility of its occurrence.
It is noteworthy that the risk also rises with an aunt similar among siblings Mbeshrat (mother, sister, cousin, aunt or grandmother), and in the case was a sister, mother or daughter infected, the risk increased two-fold, but if there were two cases, the likelihood of the risk increases five-fold . The presence of Qreptan in the family had been struck by one or more of ovarian cancer, the risk of breast cancer increases.
- Breast cancer: when exposed to infection, the likelihood of breast cancer risk in the other breast rise by 3 to 4 fold.
- The presence of abnormal changes in breast tissue, such as Atypical Hyperplasia
- Radiation therapy to the chest: in an earlier period Radiation Therapy
- The menstrual cycle: menstrual cycles start early (before the age of 12 years) and / or delayed menopause after the age of 55 years
- Childlessness or delayed first pregnancy beyond 30 years.
- Contraceptives that are taken through the mouth: There is a possibility based on several studies that result in the use of contraceptives through the mouth to the slight increase in the proportion of susceptibility to breast cancer. This eliminates the rise after dropping out of the use of these drugs for more than 10 years.
- The use of estrogen or progesterone: After menopause, in this case being the discussion of the benefits and harms of this treatment with your doctor before you start eating.
- Breastfeeding: possible that breastfeeding reduces breast somewhat of incidence of breast cancer, especially if you continue to breastfeed for a year and a half to two years.
Studies have shown that women Almnjbat to a greater number of children and lactating women for a longer period to be the proportion of breast cancer less exposure than others.
- Alcohol: It is possible that drinking alcohol increases the likelihood of exposure to infection by half-time.
- Obese and fat-rich food: especially after menopause, while obesity does not constitute an additional factor in the case found in since childhood.
- Sports: Sports soften if exercised regularly risk of injury, even if limited to the 1.25 - 2.30 hours per week, where they are in this case lead to the easing of risk by 18%.
- Environmental pollution: by some medications deadly to insects DDE and other pollutants such as Polychlorinated biphenyls
- Smoking: possible to increase the proportion of injury, but no studies to prove this conclusively.
Symptoms of breast cancer:
For breast cancer, many of the symptoms, including:
- Swelling or thickening in the breast or underarm
- Change in shape, size or rotate the breast
- The presence of secretions from the nipple (not milk)
- A change in the color or texture of the breast
- Change in color of the nipple or nipple visibility or a coup or change in the skin of the nipple (rash) or pain in the nipple
Breast self-examination:
Every woman over the age of 20 years to conduct examination of her breasts once a month.
If Ms. is still at the stage of menstruation, it shall conduct examination Alqian 3 to 4 days after the end.
If the Lady has reached the age of menopause can then conduct examination during any day in the month and so every 30 days.
Must be a self-examination and after feeding on a monthly basis.
How to perform breast self-examination:
- Stand in front of the mirror and look at the breast to note the following things:
Changes in the skin, change in shape, the contraction within the breast to the nipple
- Breast examination:
Examination begins to lie comfortably with the lifting of the left arm and bent behind the head. Examine all areas of the left side of the chest using the right hand in the form of circular motions with nipple sensitivity is radial or vertically up and down to make sure there are no tumors or areas where the solid fabric. Then scan the area under the left armpit to make sure there are no tumors.
Then the process repeats itself in the right breast and underarm area right.
Each time the pressure being on the nipple to make sure that there is no discharge.
It should be noted that it is possible to perform breast self-examination during bathing also where that wet hands with soap glides better on the skin.
In the event of any of the changes mentioned above, you should not enter into a state of turmoil because 8 of 10 from breast tumors are benign tumors, but in this case you must see a doctor at the earliest in order to take the necessary steps.
The recommendations of the American Cancer Society for the early detection of breast cancer:
- X-ray examination of the breasts annually from the age of 40 years on a regular basis as long as the women enjoy good health
- Conduct a clinical examination of the breast every 3 years starting from the age of 20 years and every year starting from the 40
- Breast self-examination at the age of 20 remains optional, but women should consult their doctor in the event of the appearance of any symptoms in breast
- In the event of an increase in the risk of breast cancer, Ms. discuss her doctor about the benefits and harms of scans start mammograms at an early age, or add other tests Kalsonar or magnetic resonance imaging, or undergo more frequent examinations.
The diagnosis of breast disease by testing pictorial
Imaging Studies
1) screening mammograms
Mammography
The radiographic examination of the best ways in which they can identify the tumor may be cancer, even if they did not touch palpation possible. The radiographic examination is a process of imaging the breast X-ray, which is capable of detecting small changes and delicate tissue that may indicate the presence of disease malignant, and it should be noted that the amount of radiation in each examination equivalent to those used in the filming of the teeth and therefore does not pose a threat.
2) mammography or ultrasound sonar
Breast Ultrasound
This method helps to distinguish between tumor and benign or malignant tumor. The advantage of this test are not subjected to any radiation Lady and the possibility of better diagnosis of the tumor when dense breast tissue.
3) imaging milk ducts in the breast
Galactogram, Ductoram
This examination is gaining importance in the event of a discharge from the nipple
4) breast MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast MRIB
According to the decisions of the American Society of Breast Disease issued on June 28, 2004, the breast MRI is complementary to examine the mammograms, the clinical examination of the breast and breast screening sonar to detect breast cancer in women at risk of injury given the data familial and genetic and this examination is not supported in the early detection for breast cancer in general, but can be resorted to in the following cases:
- Determine the prevalence of the disease
- The discovery of the tumor to the lymph nodes under the armpit
- Differentiating between scar resulting from surgery in the breast or re-infection
- Magnifier detection of breast cancer if the exposure to infection is very high
- Case Study of Breast Implants
- Assessment of the proportion of disease response to chemotherapy introductory Neoadjuvant
5) examination by the needle
Fine needle aspiration biopsy FNAB
This examination conducted by a thin needle under local anesthetic effect with the possibility of direct control to guide the needle by Ultrasonic imaging or classless pivotal. This allows the examination to take a sample of the tumor cells in the breast in order to study them.
6) examination by the needle thicker
Stereotaxic core needle biopsy
An examination is being directed by a needle thicker than the needle used in the previous examination (diameter 1/16 to 1/8 of an inch) and allows access to the fabric and not just cells, giving greater access to laboratory diagnosis uncertain
7) tomography radioisotope
PET scan: Positron Emission Tomography Scan
This test can be used alone instead of multiple other imaging tests to it being a full scan of the body. It is also possible to use as checking a diagnostic adjunct to breast screening by X-rays, especially in the case of doubt the spread of the disease to the lymph nodes under the armpit, especially when these overgrown gland.
Dr. Elias Fadel
Consultant in hematology and oncology
Saad Specialist Hospital - Saudi Arabia
ليست هناك تعليقات :
إرسال تعليق